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- $Unique_ID{BRK04098}
- $Pretitle{}
- $Title{Perniosis}
- $Subject{Perniosis Chilblains Pernio Cold Induced Vascular Disease Erythema
- Pernio Thigh Perniosis Vasculitis Raynaud's Syndrome Chilblain Lupus
- Erythromatosus Urticaria Cold}
- $Volume{}
- $Log{}
-
- Copyright (C) 1989 National Organization for Rare Disorders, Inc.
-
- 736:
- Perniosis
-
- ** IMPORTANT **
- It is possible that the main title of the article (Perniosis) is not the
- name you expected. Please check the SYNONYM listing to find the alternate
- names and disorder subdivisions covered by this article.
-
- Synonyms
-
- Chilblains
- Pernio
- Cold Induced Vascular Disease
- Erythema, Pernio
-
- Disorder Subdivisions
-
- Thigh Perniosis
-
- Information on the following diseases can be found in the Related
- Disorders section of this report:
-
- Vasculitis
- Raynaud's Syndrome
- Chilblain Lupus Erythromatosus
- Urticaria, Cold
-
- General Discussion
-
- ** REMINDER **
- The information contained in the Rare Disease Database is provided for
- educational purposes only. It should not be used for diagnostic or treatment
- purposes. If you wish to obtain more information about this disorder, please
- contact your personal physician and/or the agencies listed in the "Resources"
- section of this report.
-
- Perniosis is a vascular disorder caused by prolonged exposure to cold
- damp weather. It is characterized most often by skin lesions on the lower
- legs, hands, toes, feet, ears and face.
-
- Symptoms
-
- Perniosis is an inflammation of the small blood vessels caused by an abnormal
- reaction to the cold. It is characterized by a bluish-red discoloration of
- the skin that can cause pain, intense itching, burning, and swelling of the
- skin especially as the body becomes warmer. A dark-blue discoloration
- (acrococyanosis) may be seen on the fingertips or extremities. The lesions
- usually occur on the fingers, toes, lower legs, heels, ears and nose. In
- severe cases there may be blister-like lesions (bullae) which may ulcerate if
- rubbed or irritated. Perniosis is a seasonal disorder usually occuring when
- the weather is cold and the humidity is high; late fall and winter. It
- usually lasts for several weeks, but in some cases may persist even into the
- warmer months.
-
- Thigh Perniosis is a form of Perniosis that more commonly affects young
- women who wear tight fitting pants. It is characterized by red or bluish
- patches (plaques) on the skin. These plaques are distributed on the outside
- of the thighs and can cause swelling, burning, itching and occasionally
- ulceration. Exposure to a warm temperature and wearing looser fitting
- thermal insulated clothing will usually relieve or avoid the symptoms of this
- abnormal reaction to the cold.
-
- Causes
-
- The exact cause of Perniosis is unknown. It may be caused by an allergic
- reaction or hypersensitivity to the cold. Prolonged exposure to the cold,
- insufficient protective clothing, circulatory or cardiovascular diseases may
- also be causative factors.
-
- Affected Population
-
- Perniosis is seen more often in females than in males. Children, adults with
- poor circulation, and smokers are affected more often than other people. It
- is more common in colder climates and rarely seen in the United States.
-
- Related Disorders
-
- Symptoms of the following disorders can be similar to those of Perniosis.
- Comparisons may be useful for a differential diagnosis:
-
- Raynaud's Disease (or Raynaud's Phenomenon) is a vascular disorder. It is
- characterized by spasms of arterioles occuring with exposure to cold,
- occuring especially in the fingers and toes. Occasionally other areas of the
- body such as the nose and tongue may be affected. The intermittent attacks
- of pallor or bluish color of the fingers or toes are precipitated by exposure
- to cold and intensified by emotional upsets. Raynaud's may occur alone or be
- secondary to other conditions. (For more information on this disorder,
- choose "Raynaud" as your search term in the Rare Disease Database).
-
- Chilblain Lupus Erythromatosus is a chronic and persistent form of Lupus
- Erythromatosus. It may be preceded by facial lesions, but most commonly
- affects the fingers, calves and heels of the feet. It is a disorder that
- affects mostly women and may progress to Systemic Lupus Erythromatosus which
- can affect the internal organs. (For more on this disorder, choose (Lupus"
- as your search term in the Rare Disease Database.)
-
- Vasculitis is a common disorder characterized by an inflammation of the
- blood vessel walls. This inflammation causes a narrowing of the inside of
- the vessel and can obstruct the flow of blood to the tissues (ischemia). The
- lack of blood may cause damage to the tissues (necrosis), possible formation
- of blood clots (thrombosis), or a weakening or ballooning which can possibly
- cause a rupture of the vessel wall (aneurysm). (For more information on this
- disorder, choose "Vasculitis" as your search term in the Rare Disease
- Database.)
-
- Cold Urticaria is a chronic, reactive skin disorder. It is probably the
- most common form of physical urticaria. Major symptoms may include abnormal
- reddening of the skin (erythema), hives, and itching after exposure of the
- skin to cold temperatures. (For more information on this disorder, choose
- "Urticaria, Cold" as your search term in the Rare Disease Database.)
-
- Therapies: Standard
-
- Treatment of Perniosis consists of warming the affected areas slowly and not
- scratching or rubbing the affected skin. This will help avoid further damage
- to the skin. Corticosteroid creams may help relieve the intense itching. The
- calcium channel blocker drug nifedipine (Adalat) can be an effective
- treatment in relieving the symptoms of cold related Perniosis. Other
- treatment is symptomatic and supportive.
-
- Therapies: Investigational
-
- This disease entry is based upon medical information available through August
- 1989. Since NORD's resources are limited, it is not possible to keep every
- entry in the Rare Disease Database completely current and accurate. Please
- check with the agencies listed in the Resources section for the most current
- information about this disorder.
-
- Resources
-
- For more information on Perniosis, please contact:
-
- National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD)
- P.O. Box 8923
- New Fairfield, CT 06812-1783
- (203) 746-6518
-
- NIH/National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute
- 9000 Rockville Pike
- Bethesda, MD 20892
- (301) 421-8453
-
- References
-
- THE MERCK MANUAL, 15th Ed.: Robert Berkow, M.D., ed.-in-chief; Merck, Sharp &
- Dohme Laboratories., 1987. Pp. 2361.
-
- THE TREATMENT OF CHILBLAINS WITH NIFEDIPINE: THE RESULTS OF A PILOT
- STUDY, A DOUBLE-BLIND PLACEBO-CONTROLLED RANDOMIZED STUDY AND A LONG-TERM
- OPEN TRIAL. M. Rustin, et al.; BR J DERMATOL (February 1989, issue 120
- (2)). Pp. 267.
-
- CHRONIC PERNIO. A HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE OF COLD-INDUCED VASCULAR
- DISEASE. J. Jacob, et al.; ARCH INTERN MED, (August 1986, issue 146 (8)).
- Pp. 1589-1592.
-
-